ELLEPTICAL STRUCTURE

Elliptical structure in English is a combination of two sentences in a simplified way. So the elliptical structure is an occurrence of 2 conditions of the same sentence but must remain in 1 condition in which the two objects or pronouns do not want to be separated, the solution is to combine two sentences but the other one will function as an adverb or adverb. Now the adverb or adverb exists when 2 sentences occur in one condition, then use one of the adverbs in that condition so that the sentence looks good in English pronunciation and writing. Therefore, for friends who really like to say 2 sentences but in one condition, the solution is to use adverb in one of these sentences.

Elleptical Form
* so, too (+)
* either, neither (-)
* but (-)

• 1. I don’t have pen, so does jack

2. I don’t have pen, jack does too.

• 1. She didn’t like tea, and Yuni didn’t either

2. She doesn’t like tea, and didn’t neither Yuni.

• 1. Luna doesn’t eat meat, and I do not either.

2. Farel didn’t like bear, and neither did Putra.

• 1. Jack drive fast, but I don’t

2. Brill doesn’t drink beer, but I do

• Risa doesn’t like vegetables, but I do

Elleptical Constuction
(+) ………..and so + aux + s
………..and s + aux + too
Ex : she is a student. Her sister is a student
She is a student and so is her sister.
She is a student and her sister is too.
(-) ……..and neither + aux + s
………and s + aux + either
Ex : she is not a doctor. I am not a doctor.
She is not a doctor and neither I am
She is not a doctor and I am not either.
(?) Lisa like Candi. Raisa doesn’t like Candi.
Lisa like Candi, but Raisa doesn’t like Candi
Raisa doesn’t like Candi, but Lisa does.

PROCEDURE TEXT

1. Definition of Procedure Text.

Procedure text is text that contain ways, objectives to make or do things with the right step by step in sequence so as to produce a desired goal. Procedure text is ussually found in writing taht contain ways , tips or tutorials to take certain step. In the procedure text there is an imperative word or command word to do what is discussedin text so that the reader does what is ordered in the contents of the text.
For example you are looking for writing how to whiten the face the face through the internet, well in the text of the writing there will be a way or step how to whiten the face so that it produceds pure white as you want. The way presented is step by step in sequence so that the reader is able to follow the tutorial presented. In the procedure text, the contents of the writing are always related from the begining to the end, and from each content there is information that is easy to understand by the reader.

2. Purpose of procedure text
The procedure text aims to make it easier for readers and listeners to be able to follow the step or commands of the contents of the text whose final destination can be according to the wishes of the reader and listeners.

3. Procedure text structure
# Aim
The purpose of the procedure text ia a general introduction as a marker of what will be done or done motivation in doing it.
# Material and tools
Contains details of materials and tools used with accurate measurements.
# The step
Contains step to do things in order in stages.
# Closing
Contains an emphasis on the benefits and congratulation to do something.
4. Use conjunctions to short activities.
A connecting word stating the time of the activity which is present and is chronological. Example :
– Next
– Then
– After
– Before
– After that
– We can also use : first, second, third,etc, and last.

5. Various text procedures and examples
There are several types of procedure text including simple procedure texts, protocol texts and complex procedure text.
1 . Simple procedure text
The first type of the text is a simple prrocedure text that is the text that only presents the procedure and only takes 2 or only 3 steps. Example of simple text procedures are how to use an electric iron, then how to turn off the television , and how to send messages via mobile.

In the procedure text there ae initial step as a condition for the next step. So that 2-3 simple steps can not change the order.
2. Text of the protocol procedure
The second type of procedure text is the protocol text. Namely the type of procedure text with the steps of work is not too strict or the step can be changed. So the steps do not have to be done in order because they are not interrelated. Even though the order has been changed, the goal must still be fulfilled well. Below is an example of a protocol procedure.

Ho to cook instant noodles :
First, boil water first, then put instant noodles in the water. Then, put it in a different container of instant noodles. After the instant noodles are cooked, pour in a container containing the noodles. Then stir and serve while warm.
3. Complex prrocedure text
The third is the complex procedure text. Namely the text of the procedure in which there are many steps and tiered with there are also sub -steps in each steps. The following is an example of a complex procedure text.

Ways to turn off the computer :
Here are two ways to turn off the computer properly. The first way is to turn off the computer that uuses the windows XP operating system, windows 7 and Vista. Then for the second way is how to turn off the computer on windows 8. Immediately, see the steps below.

How to shut down windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7 Computers Correctly :
– The first step is to click on the “START” menu in the lower left corner of the monitor.
– Then click “shutdown.”
– After that click “OK.”
Wait for the ccomputer to die.
– After the computer turns off the stabilizer. Ie, press the power button and unplug the power cord to disconnect the current.

– Now your computer has been successfully shut down.

Recount Text: Definition, purpose, generic structure, language features.

Definition of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader. Or
Recount is a text which retells event or experiences in the past. 

Generic Structure of Recount Text
# Orientation : It gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text, such as who was involved, where it happened, and when it happened.
# Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.
# Re-orientation :A personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.

Purpose of Recount Text
– To retell past experience

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Recount Text:
– Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
– Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On Sunday
– Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
– Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
– Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed.

Example of Recount Text

Read text carefully

Being Late

Last morning, Dinar, my roommate woke up late and she had to go to campus.

When she wanted to take her motorcycle, in fact she couldn’t move it because there were some motorcycles that blocked up her motorcycle.

She tried to move all of the motorcycles, so that her motorcycle could move from the garage. But she couldn’t do it.

Then, she called Adel who had that motorcycle which blocked it up. After that, her friend who had that motorcycle helped her. Finally, she could move her motorcycle and rode it to go to campus.

Simple Present Tense

Definition of simple present tense.

Simple present tense is the tense used when an event is taking place at this time or an event that occurs repeatedly (habit).

Formula

To form this tense, the root form verb, or verb 1 is usually used. Except for third-person pronouns, use Verb 1 + s / es. As shown in the table below.

SubjectVerb The Rest of the sentence I / You / They / Wegoto the school by busShe / He / Itgoesto the school by bus

The form of spelling the verb in the third person (She, He, It), depending on the verb ending (verb).

For verbs ending in -O, -CH, -SH, -X, or -Z, add -ES.

. go – goes

. catch – catches

. wash – washes

. box – boxes

. fix – fixes

. kiss – kisses

For verbs that end in the + Y consonant, drop the Y and add -IES.

. carry – carries

. study – studies

. worry – worries

. marry – marries

Meanwhile, for verbs that end in vowel + Y, just add -S.

. play – plays

. say – says

. enjoy – enjoys

Example of sentences

The following are examples of sentences that you can use.

. To show a recurring event that is currently happening.

. I take the motorcycle to the office

The train to Bekasi leaves every hour.

. George sleeps seven hours every night during the week.

To show a fact.

. The President of Indonesia is Joko Widodo.

. A snake has no legs.

. Indonesia has 34 provinces, from Sabang to Merauke.

. To show a habit (habit).

. Doni gets up early at 5 o’clock every day.

. John takes a bath twice a day.

. Every year at Lebaran day, most of people travel to their hometown.

Kinds – kinds of Simple Present Tense Sentences

• Simple Present Tense Affirmative

To form an affirmative sentence, the formula is

S + Verb (1) / Basic Verb / to be (is, am, are) + O

Example of simple affirmative present tense:

• Susi Pudjiastuti is the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.

• She reads Harry Potter book everyday.

• They watch new movies every sunday.
• Simple Present Tense Negative

To form a simple negative present tense sentence, usually use the addition don’t know doesn’t before the verb, EXCEPT To Be and Modal, the formula is

S + Don’t / Doesn’t + Verb (1) + O

If the verb is To Be, the formula becomes

S + (is, am, are) + not + O

She doesn’t read Harry Potter book everyday.

Example of simple negative present tense:

. Susi Pudjiastuti is not the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.

. They don’t watch new movies every Sunday.

Note, for the subject of the third form (she, he it), after the word don’t or doesn’t, the verb is not added s / es.

• Simple Present Tense Interogative

To form an interrogative sentence / question sentence, usually use the addition of do or does in front of the sentence. The formula is as follows

Do / Does + S + Verb 1 + O

The word do is used when the subject is I, you, they, or we. However, the word does is used if the subject is in the third person (She, He, It).

Examples of simple present tense interogative:

. Does she read Harry potter book?

. Do they watch new movie everyday?

. Do you play basketball every morning?

If the verb is To Be or Modal, don’t use the word do or does.

Example :

. Is Susi Pudjiastuti the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries?

.Are you new staff of Wall Street English?

.Are they football fans of Persija Jakarta?

Passive voice

Definition of Passive Voice

Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence takes action, not takes action. Unlike active voice which focuses on the party doing the action (doer of action), this form focuses more on the party or object that receives the result of an action (receiver of action).Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence takes action, not takes action. Unlike active voice which focuses on the party doing the action (doer of action), this form focuses more on the party or object that receives the result of an action (receiver of action).

Passive Voice Formulas

To form a passive sentence, the following simple formula is usually used but still has to be adjusted to the tense of the sentence.

Tense
Forms Passive Voice
Examples Passive Voice

Simple Present
Am/is/are+V3
Is created

Present continuous
Am/is are/being+V3
Is being created

Simple past
Was/were+ V3
Was created

Past continuous
Was/were being +V3
Was being created

Present perfect
Has/have been + V3
Has been creted

Past perfect
Had been + V3

Had been created

Simple future
Will be + V3
Will be created

Future continuous
Am/is /are going to be + V3
Is going to be created

Future perfect
Will have been+ V3
Will have been created

The use of passive sentences with perfect continuous tenses is usually rarely done because it results in a sentence structure that is too complicated and difficult to understand. Therefore, this should be avoided even if it is grammatically correct.